Frequently Asked Questions
How many U.S. work credits do I need to qualify under a totalization agreement?
You need a minimum of six U.S. work credits (representing approximately 1.5 years of work in the U.S.) to aggregate your earnings with a foreign country’s social security system. Once you meet this baseline, the Social Security Administration can combine your U.S. record with your credits in a partner country to help you qualify for retirement benefits.
Does a totalization agreement allow me to use Medicare while living abroad?
No. Totalization agreements cover Title II Social Security cash benefits, including retirement, disability, and survivor insurance. They do not extend to Medicare or Supplemental Security Income (SSI). If you live overseas, you will need to arrange local public or private healthcare coverage.
How do totalization agreements protect self-employed retirees from double taxation?
Without an agreement, self-employed Americans living abroad are generally required to pay the full 15.3% U.S. self-employment tax in addition to host-country social insurance taxes. Totalization treaties eliminate this dual burden by assigning coverage to only one country based on your residence and business structure.
How do I apply for U.S. Social Security benefits while residing in another country?
You can apply directly through the Social Security Administration’s online portal, contact the SSA’s Office of Earnings and International Operations, or work through the Federal Benefits Unit at the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The liaison agency of your host country can also assist in submitting joint totalization applications.
